Keisuke Shima, Nan Bu, Masaru Okamoto, Toshio Tsuji: A Universal Interface for Video Game Machines Using Biological Signals. ICEC 2005: 88-98

Abstract: This paper proposes a universal entertainment interface for operation of amusement machines, such as video game machines and radio control toys. In the proposed interface system, biological signals are used as input, where users can choose some specific biological signal and configuration of signal measurement in accordance with their preference, physical condition (disabled or not), and degree of the disability. From the input signals, users’ intention of operation can be estimated with a probabilistic neural network (PNN), and then, control commands can be determined accordingly. With the proposed interface, people, even those with severe physical disabilities, are able to operate amusement machines. To verify validity of the proposed method, experiments were conducted with a video game machine.

It's actually an innovative entertainment interface using biological signals. With the prototype system they constructed, a variety of biological signals can be used as input, and users can choose input signals with respect to their conditions. They tried experiments with an Othello game. This is interesting:

"the users’ intention of operation is estimated from the input signals using a PNN. Due to the adaptive learning capability of neural networks, a high level of discrimination accuracy is achieved. Moreover, video game machines can be easily changed, so that various amusement machines can be incorporated into the proposed system."