In a slide by Steffen Waltz, I found a very nice list of place often referred to as game archetypes & rhetorical figures:

Arena - Board / Stadium - Bridge - Castle - Cave - Caroussel - Cellar - Chamber - Church - Colosseum - Control room - Dungeon - Elevator - Factory - Forest - Fortress - Garage - Garden - Hide-out - Hinderance - High Rise - Island - Jail - Kindergarden - Laboratory - Labyrinth - Level - Machine room - Ménagerie - Miniature -Museum - Naval - Panopticon- Panzer - Park -Planets -Playground - Plaza - Sandpit - Sky -Space ship / -station -Submarine -Supermarket -Theatre- Underworld - Utopia / Impossible Arch - Vehicle - Zoney